Peran dan Efektivitas Kebijakan Pemerintah dalam Mengatasi Pengangguran di Indonesia

Abstract

Unemployment remains a structural challenge for the Indonesian economy. According to Statistics Indonesia (BPS), the Open Unemployment Rate (TPT) in August 2025 stood at 4.85%, with 7.46 million unemployed individuals, predominantly among the youth aged 15–24 years. This study aims to identify government policies addressing unemployment, analyze their roles, and assess their effectiveness. A literature review method with a qualitative descriptive approach was employed, drawing from indexed academic journals, government reports, and official statistical data. The findings reveal that the government has implemented multiple policies, including competency-based vocational training, labor-intensive cash programs, MSME development, investment promotion, and business climate reform. These policies have contributed to a gradual decline in unemployment, though challenges persist, including skills mismatch, regional access disparities, and budget limitations. Additionally, the structural nature of unemployment is exacerbated by the ongoing shift in the labor market's demand for skills. Despite efforts to address unemployment, there remains a need for policies that focus on long-term, sustainable solutions. This study recommends an integrated policy approach across education, investment, and social protection sectors to foster an inclusive and sustainable labor market that addresses the root causes of unemployment in Indonesia.